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Hirokazu Ishii, Kohei Otomo, Ching-Pu Chang, Miwako Yamasaki, Masahiko Watanabe, Hiroyuki Yokoyama, Tomomi Nemoto (2023) All-synchronized picosecond pulses and time-gated detection improve the spatial resolution of two-photon STED microscopy in brain tissue imaging., PLOS ONE, Volume 18, Number 8

Published in 2023 (Electronic publication in Aug. 24, 2023, midnight )

• doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290550
• pmid: 37616194
  

(Abstract) Super-resolution in two-photon excitation (2PE) microscopy offers new approaches for visualizing the deep inside the brain functions at the nanoscale. In this study, we developed a novel 2PE stimulated-emission-depletion (STED) microscope with all-synchronized picosecond pulse light sources and time-gated fluorescence detection, namely, all-pulsed 2PE-gSTED microscopy. The implementation of time-gating is critical to excluding undesirable signals derived from brain tissues. Even in a case using subnanosecond pulses for STED, the impact of time-gating was not negligible; the spatial resolution in the image of the brain tissue was improved by approximately 1.4 times compared with non time-gated image. This finding demonstrates that time-gating is more useful than previously thought for improving spatial resolution in brain tissue imaging. This microscopy will facilitate deeper super-resolution observation of the fine structure of neuronal dendritic spines and the intracellular dynamics in brain tissue.