Live imaging data with 6-day (HCT116) or 3.5-day durations (HeLa experiments) for analyzing cell fate and the mitotic pattern in continuous generations following whole-genome duplication. In HCT116 experiments, the chromosome was marked using H2B-mCherry. In Hela experiments, the chromosome and the tubulin were marked with H2B-mCherry and EGFP-alpha-tubulin, respectively. The mitotic pattern (with bipolar or multipolar chromosome segregation) in HCT116 experiments was distinguished based on the total nuclear number in all daughter cells. A supplemental HCT116 live imaging data set with a 5-minute interval supports this adjudgment. The cell cycle length was also measured as the interval between consecutive mitotic events. H2B-mCherry signal was used to analyze the distribution of DNA contents in mitosis, which showed a higher frequency of asymmetric chromosome distribution in multipolar chromosome segregation events than in bipolar ones.